Hybrid Critical Communication Model for Emergency Services in Areas Without Mobile Network Coverage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46544/b9yzjc74Keywords:
critical communication; Fire and Rescue Service; integrated rescue system; radio communication; satellite communication; hybrid architecture; redundancy; interoperability.Abstract
Reliable communication is a fundamental prerequisite for the safe and effective management of emergency response operations. Challenges arise in mountainous and rugged terrain, extensive forest areas, underground environments, or during emergencies involving damaged or overloaded telecommunications infrastructure. This article proposes a multi-layer hybrid communication architecture for operations conducted in areas with limited or unavailable public mobile network coverage. The methodology combines analysis of critical communication requirements, comparative assessment of selected technologies, and scenario-based evaluation of their applicability in typical emergency response situations. The assessment covers professional radio systems, mobile ad hoc networks, relay devices, satellite communication, and hybrid solutions, considering latency, deployment speed, logistical complexity, reliability, and relative costs. The resulting architecture consists of a tactical communication layer, a coverage-extension layer, and a strategic satellite-based communication layer. A decision-making algorithm is included to support the gradual activation of communication resources according to incident conditions and infrastructure availability. Scenario-based evaluation indicates that the multi-layer approach can reduce dependence on a single communication technology and limit the risk of complete communication loss. The proposed model provides an analytical and methodological framework requiring further verification through experimental measurements and pilot testing under real emergency response conditions.
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